：：：英語長文購読指導例　受験生用：：：　2012年1月

最初ははかどらなくても気にせず、少しずつ読んでいきましょう。

量をこなすと
①読んだ内容を忘れない
②すぐに読み返せる
③書いてあるところ（該当箇所）をすぐに探しだせる
④英語的な思考がわかってくる


2011年3～11月までに読んだ英文

１　早大教育　２００８
　　　「ＥＵの出生率」　「Ｓｈａｒｋと生態系」　「銃と米国」
２　京大　２０１０　英文解釈
　　　「意図と自覚」　「教育論」
３　Apple’s iPad　
　　　　630words　Newsweek 　May12, 2010
４　Rafael Behrの文　
　　慶応商　２００９　
５　東北大学　２００８　後期2番　
　　早大社学　２０１０　誤文訂正
６　２０１０、２０１１　センター試験
７　京大２００９　英文解釈
　　「脳」「クリップ」
８　２００９　慶応環境情報　１番
９　２０１０　　慶応環境情報　１番
１０　2008東大
　　「文化論」　753語　「小説」1041語　　
１１　２００７　東北大学後期　　１０００語
１２　２０１０　一橋大
　　　Christian thought and meritocratic system　
　　　Dicision Making Processes 　
１３　The Meaning of the Koran
　　　NYTimes 2010
１４　200７　慶応義塾　文
　　「無文字文化論」1231語　　
１５　どうする人口爆発？１９５０　２５億人 ２０１０　７０億人　
　　「The World Food Crisis」　1198語　the Nation静岡大

16　グーグルは何をしているのか。　 PROSPECT
　　　Who needs digital privacy? 　2699語　２００９　
１７　Steaven Pinker
　　　The Mystery of Consciousness　3600単語
１８　２００４年　早大　理工　９０分
　　　　１番　ピンカー関連１５６８語　　
　　　　２番　動詞穴埋め　　３番　会話文　８００語　４番　論理　５番　
１９　Heaven can wait　記述 1500 words
　　　　　NEWSWEEK2009
２０　２００９　早大教育　ピンカーほか　　
２１　２０１０　　早大　商　９０分　
　　　　1.Original text 2.Newsweek 2001.6.11
　　　　3.Time 2009.8.17　　4.The Economist 2009 .6.18 　5.The Boston Globe 2009.8.6
２２　　千葉大２０１０前期　
２３　　千葉大２００８前期
２４　日本の原発　2011　NEWSWEEK通読用
２５　２０１０年　早大　教育　　９０分
　 1．惑星探査機ケプラー2．アメリカ英語とイギリス英語
　　　3．OBAMAと教育 4.対話文　5.実験の評価
２６　ピンカーの「暴力論」１７分のスピーチ
　　　原稿の読解とリスニング演習教材ｍｐ３で配布
　　　抑揚と切れ目の確認
２７　難　全訳演習　（単語と文法だけでは訳せない）
　　　Why We Cooperate序文のみ
　　　
２８　　２０１０　早大　文学部　
　　①学問論　②幼児期の記憶　③田舎町の心象　④社会規範論　⑤ネイティブアメリカン
　　 ⑥図書を守れ⑦対話文虫食い　⑧要約英作文(難)　

２９　Raises Don't Make Employees Work Harder
　　　 給料と労働（意欲の）関係論　　ECONOMIST2011.4

３０　青春論Stanford Report, June 14, 2005
　 What Steve Jobs said 2300 words

３１　Against Intellectual Monopoly
Chapter 2: Creation Under Competition　5900単語　　

３２　The Book Business and its Woes
　　　　(1,346 /3,500words) June 8, 2009 edition of The Nation.

３３資本主義は間違っていたかAfter capitalism
　　　GEOFF MULGAN 　26TH APRIL 2009　

＜＜＜＜認知科学特集＜＜＜＜＜＜＜＜＜　
３４　"ORGANS OF COMPUTATION"
　　　　　　　　　　　　　A Talk With Steven Pinker　　　
３５　The Accidental Mind David J. Linden: 2007
　　　　　　　　　　　どのようにして、脳は愛や記憶や夢や神を作り出すのか。
　　　　　　　　　　　　語数　Prologue 888 　Chapter1　3800　

同時進行2010年の上智大学　
2/3実施分
1　 Life in a Jar-The Irene Sendler Story, 　Retrieved July 22, 2009,　　
2 Cellphone addiction, TheAsahiShimbun, March11.2009,
3 　April 28, 2009　http://esl.about.com/od/businessspeakingskills/a/customer ser.htm
4　Simon Rich. "Animal Tales.The New Yorker. June 30, 2008
5　Vandana Shiva. Soil Not Oil. London: Zed Books Ltd., 2009
6誤箇所指摘　　
7 　Japan's ambivalent English　 The Japan Times, March 13, 2007,
8 　April 28, 2009　http://esl.about.com/od/advancedreadingskills/a/d_pub.htm

2/9実施分
1長文読解　マグロの漁獲　　2対話文　本能行動と後天的行動　　　
3長文読解　減少する河川の流水量　　　4長文読解　消滅する言語
5対話文空所補充　　　global dimming　　6長文読解　ながら族の変遷
7長文読解　　小説の抜粋　　8　４コマ漫画に台詞を入れる　　　　すこぶる難

2/5実施分　　3700単語
1長文読解　社会的動物としての人間　2長文読解　子供の学力と読書　3長文読解　戦争をどう体験するか　4長文読解　聖書の一節

2/8実施分　　3500単語
1　長文読解　クリニックの予約　2　長文読解　消滅する言語
3　長文読解　交通事故にあったコアラ　4　長文読解　ある家具職人の話
5　誤箇所指摘問題　　6　長文読解　　文章を書く能力
7　空所補充　　　現代詩論　　　　　8　短文空欄補充問題

３６　　移民はヨーロッパに何をもたらしたか。　２０１０　　
　　　　　Ｈｏｗ　ｍｕｌｔｉｃｕｌｔｕａｌｉｓｍ　ｆａｉｌｓ　ｉｍｍｉｇｒａｎｔｓ
３７　2011　STEVE　JOBS　 by WALTER ISAACSON
　　　　　　　 INSTRUCTIONのみ 2000単語　　下線部訳
３８　 （メール語）The Death of English　 (LOL　(^o^)　laughing out loud)
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　By Lily Huang 　 2008
３９　HTML5: A Look Behind theTechnologyChanging the Web
The Wall Street Journal　 NOVEMBER 2011
４０　NYTimes 2010 9 14
　　The Meaning of the Koran １４２７語　問に答える

４１　2009　慶応大学　看護医療
　　　　①熟語問題１～１５、文法１６～３５　誤文法問題３６～５０　
　　　　　　　②「喫煙習慣」について　和訳３問有り　③課題作文１００～１５０語　　
４２　精読演習　２０１０　９　２４ＰＲＯＳＰＥＣＴ　ＭＡＧＡＺＩＮＥ　
　　　　　Ｈｏｗ　ｍｕｌｔｉｃｕｌｔｕａｌｉｓｍ　ｆａｉｌｓ　ｉｍｍｉｇｒａｎｔｓ
　　　要約練習　970単語　　　　　頻出テーマ」
　　
４３　２０１０　早大　社会科学　<BR>
　　　　誤箇所指摘問題　済み　　②対話文　　虫食い<BR>
　　　　③長文　The Future of Freedom　５３７語<BR>
　　　　④長文　ジェンダー論　NYTimes　６１２語<BR>
　　　　⑤長文　裁判員制度６２７語<BR>
　　　　　　　　　　　
４４　通読演習　２０１０　１０．１６　
　　　Financial Shock and Awe
　　　通貨戦争　　Foreign Policyより

４５　精読演習　２０１０　千葉大学　前期日程
　　　１．大学論 １０００単語
　　　２．Jill,19 from Michigan,want to major
in political science at university. 945単語
　　　３. 物語完成、文の整序
４６　　Boldrin & Levine
Against Intellectual Monopoly反知的独占
Chapter 2: Creation Under Competition
5900単語　　競争の下での創造

４７　精読演習　２０１０　千葉大学　後期
　　　１．女性の心理的発達論
　　　２．アフリカ征服史 　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　計　２５００単語
４８　NYTimes　　　　October 6, 2010
　　Honeybee Killer Found by Army and Entomologists
　　Scientists and Soldiers Solve a Bee Mystery
　　By KIRK JOHNSON　　　　　　１０２９単語


◇◇◇

2009年4～７月に読んだ英文についてのメモ


◇「ネット上のプライバシーとは何か。」
そこで利益を得る仕組みとは。検索することとＴＲＡＣＫされること。ターゲティング技術について。
　約2,600語
　Are you reading this online? If not, what did you last read on the internet?
Perhaps you browsed a vintage wine list, planned a holiday or—more in keeping
with the times—investigated which newly nationalised bank offers the best rates.
Would you object to advertisements popping up for Chateau Latour, Caribbean
resorts or Bradford & Bingley? Might you feel your privacy had been violated by
new companies able to record your surfing habits and feed you adverts based
on where you had been? Or would you welcome this as a useful service?
*snip*

◇「無文字社会-文化人類学入門」　2008年慶応義塾文学部
　約1,200語
　We might profit from taking a few moments to think about what it means to be
a purely oral, non-literate culture. No grocery lists, no letters or e-mails, no memos,
no text messages on cell phones, no books, no report cards, no instructions on how
to assemble artificial Christmas trees, no owner's manuals, no dictionaries, no
newspapers, no libraries. This is the normal state of affairs for most human languages.
Yet oral cultures lacking writing manage to transmit, remember, and build upon
vast systems of traditional knowledge. They do so without the benefit of any
physical medium such as writing that could make this knowledge stick around.
This astounding feat of collective and individual memory should make us aware
how powerful a tool language is for packaging and transmitting information.
*snip*

◇「アメリカの出版業界の苦悩とその背景について」
　　日本も同じ状況にあるのでしょうか。
　　約4，500語です、頑張りましょう。

以下、部分訳

しかし、このインターネットの業界人たちは、気づいていません。Brinのような億万長者には、おびただし数の書物のコンテンツ（そこに彼らは広告を貼り付けて、代金をもらうことができるのです）の大河を人々が利用することは、お金を儲けるための、強力な新しい方法を意味するのです。そして彼らの目的はお金だけです。それは、彼らが書物のことを全く知らないということ、さらにそこで得た巨大な富を分配する気配すら見せようとしないことからも見て取れます。

アマゾン社のルック・インサイド・プログラムについてですが、アマゾン社は各出版社に対して、プログラム上で、推薦文と表紙の写真ともに、書籍の電子ファイルを無料で提供するよう要求をしています。そうすれば、本の売り上げが伸びると言うのです。いったいどうすれば、これを立証できるのでしょう、あるいは、反証できるのでしょう。（いくつかの出版社はアマゾンの主張を呑むかもしれません。何年か前に出版社自身が、これと似たような主張したことがあるからです。執筆料のことで作家たちを説得するために、悲しい嘘をついたのです。）グーグル・ブック・サーチと出版社（著作権侵害でグーグル社を訴えた）との間で、これが合意を見れば、唖然とするほど、ふてぶてしい、独占に近い権利がグーグル社にもたらされることになるでしょう。そして、作家たちには、わずかの保証条項が付け加えられるでしょう。私たち、出版関係者は、アマゾン社とグーグル社の利益幅が私たちの3倍から5倍であることを忘れているようです。また、私たちが、頻繁に著者に契約の更新を迫ったりしましたか。

◇2009年中央大学法学部法律学科
　　
　Education is a process involving two sets of participants who supposedly play different roles:
teachers who give knowledge to students, and students who absorb knowledge from teachers.
In fact, as every open-minded teacher discovers, education is also about students giving knowledge
to their teachers, by challenging the teachers’ assumptions and by asking questions that the
teachers hadn’t previously thought of. I recently realized the truth of that discovery again when
I taught a course, on how societies cope with environmental problems, to highly motivated
undergraduates at my university. My first lecture after the class’s introductory meeting was on
the collapse of Easter Island society. In the class discussion after I had finished my presentation,
the apparently simple question that most puzzled my students was one whose actual complexity
hadn't sunk in to me before: how on earth could a society make such an obviously disastrous
decision as to cut down all the trees on which it depended? One of the students asked what
I thought the islander who cut down the last palm tree said as he was doing it. For every other
society that I treated in subsequent lectures, my students raised essentially the same question.
They also asked the related questions: how often did people cause ecological damage intentionally,
or at least while aware of the likely consequences? How often did people instead do it without
meaning to, or out of ignorance? My students wondered whether the people of the next century
will be as astonished about our blindness today as we are about the blindness of the Easter Islanders.

◇H.G.Wells原作 「宇宙戦争」はどのように脚色されてきたか。S.Spielbergまで：
　　2006年慶応義塾　理工学部　1番全文
　　　525語

　　In 1897, the English science-fiction writer and social philosopher H.G. Wells (1866-1946) published
a newspaper serial about a Martian invasion of Earth. The ideological undercurrents of the novel, entitled
The War of the Worlds, include Social Darwinism, especially the concepts of natural selection and the
survival of the fittest. Wells was also mindful of geopolitical struggles. Amidst ongoing competition
among the European powers for colonial supremacy in Africa and Asia, a newly united and increasingly
militaristic Germany was on the rise.
　　Like many of his day, Wells believed in theories of racial superiority and proposed eugenic practices
to eliminate“inferior” peoples. Yet Wells was hardly a consistent thinker. In his science fiction, he
offered a dark and pessimistic vision of human destiny, while elsewhere he preached one-world
socialism. Though he accurately predicted the horrors of 20th century warfare, he failed to grasp
the evil of modern ideologies.
　　Also playing the novel was astronomy. In 1877, the Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaprelli had
reported seeing canali on Mars. A mistranslation of the trem as “canals” encouraged speculation
that the Red Planet was home to intelligent life. Beginning in 1894, when Mars was again in clear
view, the American astronomer Percival Lowell took the discussion several steps further by theorizing
that its inhabitants had an advanced but ― for lack of water ― desperate civilization.
　　Wells' story is both a science-fiction thriller and a philosophical parable. In the end, the human race
is saved, but not through superior intelligence or technology but rather by biological accident, when
the Martians succumb to terrestrial bacteria. The irony is compounded by the parallel that Wells draws
between the fate of the extraterrestrial invaders and the extermination of Tasmania's aborgines.
　　The War of the Worlds was made all the more famous in 1938, when the American actor Orson
Welles broadcast a radio adaptation of the story, with new Jersey as the setting. Taking the drama
to be a report of real events, thousands of listeners panicked, though some seem to have believed
that it was the Germans rather than the Martians who had attacked.
　　In 1953, a film version was produced, set in Cold War America. The heroes are an atomic scientist
and equally valiant military officers. Also sympathetically depicted, however, is a Protestant pastor,
who gives his life in a futile effort to make peace with the Martians. In the final scenes, frightened
refugees are shown praying in churches, and the final message of the narrator suggests that God
in His wisdom has used the smallest of creatures to save humankind. Such echoes Wells' own words,
even though he was no orthodox believer；in fact, in the novel he pointedly features a member of the clergy
as a self-centered fanatic.
　　Steven Spielberg, whose previous science-fiction films have portrayed extraterrestrials as wise
and benevolent, has now, in our post-9/11 world, produced his own version of Wells' work. But while
he begins with the destruction of a church by the invaders and ends with a tribute to a divine Designer,
the movie seems to be more about coping in a dysfunctinal family than about fighting deadly aliens.


◇「Ｇｏｏｇｌｅが本の次は音楽に・・・」
　　Spotifyが音楽業界を震撼させています。今はヨーロッパだけに限定されていますが。
　　約1,800語

　Who are the Beatles? They’re not on Spotify.” In another ten years the kids listening to music
pouring out of their computers, mobiles and iPod touches will shrug in bafflement at the mention
of the world’s most famous pop group, if it remains aloof from the latest advances in the digital
music revolution. Spotify is a neat little computer jukebox that may soon make both iTunes and
CD collections defunct. More to the point, it’s in the vanguard of a music distribution model that
may resolve the battle between copyright-protective music companies and next generation Napster pirates.
*snip*

◇「アメリカの化粧品業界を糾弾」
　　化学薬品と表示・無表示
　　約1,800語
　Today, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration(FDA) oversees the multi-billion-dollar-a-year
cosmetics industry but it lacks the power to approve products or ingredients before they hit
store shelves, even though their contents have been shown to enter the body.According to
the FDA, a cosmetic is anything used for "cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness
or altering the appearance." An average U.S. consumer uses about 10 cosmetic products
every day, including makeup, soap, shampoo, lotion, hair gel and cologne, says Lisa Archer,
the national coordinator for The Campaign for Safe Cosmetics(CSC), a nonprofit advocacy
group based in San Francisco and financed in part by the Breast Cancer Fund, a nonprofit
organization. As a result, she says, people are exposed to roughly 126 different chemicals
daily, many of which haven't been thoroughly tested.*snip*

◇2008年東大　小説；少女Ｔｏｎiの心の葛藤 を・・・入試で読むとは・・・
　　約1,000語
　Toni pressed her feet further into the wet sand. She didn't want to go home yet－she had
too much to think about. At home Mum would be rushing about, singing, cleaning, getting
ready for Tim, all excited. Someone her Mum's age behaving like that! Toni thought it was
a bit too much, really it was almost a bit pitiful. Although Tim was great -she had to admit
that. One part of her was really pleased for Mum, that she had a partner; the other part was
embarrassed. No, she wouldn't go home just yet. *snip*


◇「資本主義はどこに向かっているのか。市場が万民の幸福のために機能する未来は来るのか」

　　約5,000語
The era of transition that we are entering will be disruptive--but it may bring a world
where markets are servants, not masters.

The US banking system faces losses of over $3,000bn. Japan is in a depression.
China is headed for zero growth. Some still hope that urgent surgery can restore
the status quo. But more feel that we are at one of those rare points of inflection
when nothing is the same again.
But if one dream is over, what other dreams wait in the shadows? Will capitalism
adapt? Or should we be asking again one of the great questions which have
animated political life for nearly two centuries: what might come after capitalism?
*snip*



◇2007年　東京芸術大学　2番　英文解釈例

An artist always has an intention when creating a work of art, even when the work is a case of “accidental art”.

芸術家は常にある意図のもとに芸術活動をおこなうものだ。たとえ、その作品が「偶然の賜物」であってもである。

A painter intends to produce a certain kind of effect - luminosity, perhaps - or to represent a landscape.

画家は目の錯覚を使って、たぶん光の輝きのようなものを模写しようとする、またそうでなければ、どこかの景色をそっくり写し取ろうとする。

A composer intends to create a musical score that when performed will result in music that is majestic,gay, solemn, or has some other musical qualities.

作曲家は楽譜が演奏時に威厳や軽快さや荘厳さを奏でるように、また、他のいろいろな音楽性を奏でるように曲作りをする。

A poet intends a line or a whole poem to express a certain meaning.

詩人は詩の中の一行、あるいは全体を使って、一つの意味を表現しようとする。

In accidental art, an accidental result is intentional if the artist intentionally leaves the-result unrevised.

偶然生まれた芸術でも、芸術家が、ある目的のためにその作品に手を加えずにいるのであれば、その作品はある意図の下にあるということになる。

Many critics explicitly claim or assume that the artist's intention plays an important role in criticism.

批評家の中には、芸術家の意図は批評において重要な意味を持っていると強く主張する者、またそう思いこんでいる者が多い。

Intentionalist critics are not in universal agreement about the significance of the intention of the artist.

作者の意図を重視する批評家たちは芸術家の意図の重要性について見解の一致をみているわけではない。

Some think that an artist's intention is important both for understanding works' of art and for evaluating works,
while others deny the significance of the intention for evaluation.

作者の意図は作品の理解と評価の両方に重要だと考える人もいれば、作品を評価する際に作者の意図を重視してはならないと考える人もいる。

I will attempt to show that intentionalist criticism is fundamentally misguided.

作者の意図を重視する批評精神は根本的に間違っていることをこれから述べてみたい。



◇　Never Let Me Go [paperback]　　　　Ｋａｚｕｏ　Ｉｓｈｉｇｕｒｏ
　　
　　
　 Ｈａｉlｓｈａｍの発音：ＣＤ　では、＜へ・るーｼｮﾝ＞
　　 E. Sussex. Hamelesham [sic] 1086 (DB), Helesham 1189.
　　‘Homestead or enclosure of a man called *Hægel’. OE pers. name + hām or hamm.


　ＴＩＭＥ誌；1923年から現在までの「１００ＢＥＳＴ　ＮＯＶＥＬＳ］の中の一冊
　http://www.time.com/time/2005/100books/
　http://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/17/books/review/17KERRL.html

My name is Kathy H. I’m thirty-one years old, and I’ve been a carer now for over eleven years.
That sounds long enough, I know, but actually they want me to go on for another eight months,
until the end of this year. That’ll make it almost exactly twelve years. Now I know my being a carer
so long isn’t necessarily because they think I’m fantastic at what I do. There are some really good
carers who’ve been told to stop after just two or three years. And I can think of one carer at least
who went on for all of fourteen years despite being a complete waste of space. So I’m not trying
to boast. But then I do know for a fact they’ve been pleased with my work, and by and large, I have
too. My donors have always tended to do much better than expected. Their recovery times have been
impressive, and hardly any of them have been classified as “agitated,” even before fourth donation.
Okay, maybe I am boasting now. But it means a lot to me, being able to do my work well,
especially that bit about my donors staying “calm.” I’ve developed a kind of instinct around donors.
I know when to hang around and comfort them, when to leave them to themselves;
when to listen to everything they have to say, and when just to shrug and tell them to snap out of it.





◇No exit
　Jun 18th 2009 The Economist
What Japan needs is more bankruptcies, not fewer
　And the zombies march on

Politicians, having been unwilling to push through painful structural reforms in relatively good times, are even more reluctant to put forward tough measures when times are bad. Banks are being pressured by the government to roll over existing loans and make new ones, and firms encouraged to extend credit and maintain business relations. The government’s recent stimulus measures give failing firms taxpayers’ money. A plan approved in May allocated ¥2 trillion ($21 billion) to prop up (indirectly) troubled companies. Pioneer, an electronics firm, Elipida, a chipmaker, and Japan Airlines are among the first to look for government support.

政治家は、比較的好況な時に痛みを伴う構造改革を推進することをためらってきたので、不況の今、企業に厳しい法案を提出することに非常に臆病になっている。

最近、政府は景気刺激策として不良企業に税金を注入した。五月に承認された法案では2兆円が問題を抱えた企業に（間接的に）割り当てられた。パイオニア：家電企業、エリピーダ：チップメーカー、そして日本航空は、政府援助を求めてくる一番手の企業だ。

◇Mahler's Body (The Nation)

(1)(2)(3)

◇早稲田大学政経2009年
We the Media　　 By Dan Gillmor (AUTHORAMA)
6. Professional Journalists Join the Conversation; Case Study: the Citizen Reporters

Given the horrendous waste and failure of the prohibitionist regime governing drugs like marijuana, cocaine and heroin, not to mention the terrible violence and corruption that the illegal trade in each has created, you'd imagine that drug legalisation would be a hotter topic than it currently is. Yet legalising drugs is what American politicians call 'a third rail' issue - one that instantly kills the career of anyone who even suggests it.

　　
　　　　　　What's not to like～?について　
Meaning：

A rhetorical question, suggesting that what is being spoken of is without fault.

Origin

This is an American phrase and has been in use there since at least the 1970s, possibly earlier. It has the sound of a Jewish rhetorical phrase of the 'what am I, chopped liver?' variety.

The earliest example of it that I've found in print is from a piece in The Cumberland Times, July 1971, in which several prominent Americans were asked what they liked about America. Bob Hope's response included this:

What do I like about America? The torch on the Statue of Liberty has been my Aladdin's lamp. I rubbed it and have received bounty and blessings beyond anything I could have dreamed or asked for. I cast a few crumbs upon the water and got the whole bakery. What's not to like?

The phrase was widespread enough by 1974 for it to have been included, with no explanation of meaning, in popular cartoons, for example, this from The Lowell Sun, August 1974.